sciresНаучные исследования экономического факультета. Электронный журналScientific Research of Faculty of Economics. Electronic Journal2078-3809Moscow State University10.38050/2078-3809-2021-13-3-25-45scires-196Research ArticleКОНКУРЕНТНАЯ И ПРОМЫШЛЕННАЯ ПОЛИТИКАCOMPETITION AND INDUSTRIAL POLICYУроки международного опыта для российской регуляторной практики в сфере таксомоторных услугInternational Practices for Russian Taxi Market RegulationМоросановаА. А.MorosanovaA. A.

Моросанова Анастасия Андреевна, младший научный сотрудник, Экономический факультет; научный сотрудник, ЦИКЭР

г. Москва

Anastasia A. Morosanova, Junior Researcher, Faculty of Economics; Junior Researcher, CSCER

Moscow

nastya.komkova@gmail.comМелешкинаА. И.MeleshkinaA. I.

Мелешкина Анна Игоревна, ассистент, Экономический факультет; научный сотрудник, ЦИКЭР

г. Москва

Anna I. Meleshkina, Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Economics; Researcher, CSCER

Moscow

ann.meleshkina@mail.ruМГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова; РАНХиГС при Президенте РФРоссияLomonosov Moscow State University; RANEPARussian Federation2021221020211332545Copyright © Моросанова А.А., Мелешкина А.И., 20212021Моросанова А.А., Мелешкина А.И.Morosanova A.A., Meleshkina A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://scires.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/196

Анализ международного опыта регулирования рынков таксомоторных услуг позволяет идентифицировать потенциальные риски регуляторного вмешательства в процесс функционирования рынка пассажирских перевозок в городах России. В разделе 1 рассмотрен международный опыт тарифного регулирования и дерегулирования рынка таксомоторных услуг с учетом эмпирических исследований результативности практики тарифных ограничений. Раздел 2 содержит примеры введения ограничений на число разрешений, необходимых для пассажирских перевозок легковым такси. Поскольку регуляторная практика не ограничивается данными методами, то в разделе 3 приведены кейсы установления дополнительных требований к деятельности перевозчика. В заключение представлено обобщение рассматриваемых кейсов и сформирован перечень потенциальных рисков реализации политики тарифного регулирования и квотирования в сфере таксомоторных услуг Российской Федерации. Сделан вывод о том, что рынки с динамическим ценообразованием, к числу которых относится рынок таксомоторных услуг, могут неоднозначно отреагировать на внедрение или ослабление как тарифного регулирования, так и режима квотирования.

В основе исследования лежат теории институциональных изменений, включая разработки по проблемам институционального проектирования и оценке регулирующего воздействия.

Выбор кейсов обусловлен доступностью информации относительно результатов вводимого режима регулирования таксомоторных услуг, что обеспечивает возможность проведения анализа качественных характеристик динамики релевантных рынков без погружения в количественные расчеты и сбор статистики.

The analysis of international experience in regulating taxi markets allows to identify potential risks of regulatory interference in the passenger transportation markets in Russia. Section 1 examines the international experience of tariff regulation and taxi market deregulation measures, taking into account empirical studies of the tariff restrictions effectiveness. Section 2 contains examples of quotas, restricted the number of passenger taxis or licenses. Since regulatory practice is not limited to these methods, section 3 provides cases of establishing additional requirements for the carrier's activities. The conclusion contains all cases summary and a list of potential risks of implementing the tariff regulation policy in taxi market in Russian Federation. It is concluded that markets with dynamic pricing may react ambiguously to the straightening or weakening of tariff and quotas regulation.

The research is based on the theory of institutional change, including developments on the problems of institutional design and regulatory impact assessment.

The choice of cases is determined by the information availability about the results of the introduced regime of taxi services regulation. This makes it possible to analyze the qualitative characteristics of relevant market dynamics without diving into quantitative calculations and collecting statistics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.