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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scires</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научные исследования экономического факультета. Электронный журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics. Electronic Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-3809</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38050/2078-3809-2025-17-3-197-213</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scires-406</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Финансовые ограничения и инвестиционная активность: оценка через индекс Каплана–Зингалеса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Financial Constraints and Investment Activity: An Assessment Using the Kaplan-Zingales Index</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобков</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бобков Глеб Александрович, аспирант, экономический факультет</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gleb A. Bobkov, Postgraduate student, Faculty of Economics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gleb-bobkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магомедова Гумай Муратовна, студент магистратуры</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gumay M. Magomedova, Master’s student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gmagomedova@nes.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская Экономическая Школа</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>New Economic School</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бобков Г.А., Магомедова Г.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бобков Г.А., Магомедова Г.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bobkov G.A., Magomedova G.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scires.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/406">https://scires.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/406</self-uri><abstract><p>Доступность долгосрочного финансирования критически важна для развития инвестиций, особенно в условиях высоких волатильности и систематического риска. Индекс Каплана–Зингалеса (KZ-индекс) широко применяется для оценки финансовых ограничений корпораций, в особенности, относительно долгосрочных проектов (в т. ч. инвестиций в НИОКР), но его динамика в российской экономике остается недостаточно изученной. Целью исследования является оценка динамики финансовых ограничений российских публичных компаний в контексте их способности финансировать долгосрочные инвестиции. В качестве эмпирической базы использованы данные финансовой отчетности и публичные рыночные показатели за 2009–2024 гг. Длительное сокращение медианного KZ-индекса для публичных нефинансовых компаний указывает на значительное смягчение финансовых барьеров для крупного бизнеса в течение 2009–2022 гг. В 2022–2024 гг. наблюдается стагнация финансовых условий, в особенности, для компаний нефтегазового сектора, имеющего наибольший вес на российском фондовом рынке. Дополнительно выявлены различия в динамике финансовых ограничений среди крупнейших нефинансовых отраслей: в нефтегазовом и металлургическом секторах прослеживаются специфические тенденции, требующие дальнейшего анализа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The availability of long-term financing is critically important for investment development, particularly in conditions of high volatility and systematic risk. The Kaplan-Zingales Index (KZ Index) is widely used to assess corporate financial constraints, especially concerning long-term projects, including investments in research and development (R&amp;D). However, its dynamics in the Russian economy remain insufficiently studied. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dynamics of financial constraints faced by Russian publicly traded companies in the context of their ability to finance long-term investments. The empirical analysis is based on financial reporting data and publicly available market indicators for the period 2009–2024. The prolonged decline in the median KZ Index for publicly listed non-financial companies indicates a significant easing of financial barriers for large businesses between 2009 and 2022. However, in 2022–2024, financial capacity stagnated, particularly in the oil and gas sector, which holds the largest weight in the Russian stock market. Additionally, sectoral differences in the dynamics of financial constraints were identified: specific trends were observed in the oil and gas and metallurgical industries, highlighting the need for further analysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>финансовые ограничения</kwd><kwd>инвестиционная активность</kwd><kwd>финансирование инноваций</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>financial constraints</kwd><kwd>investment activity</kwd><kwd>financing of innovations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луценко С.И. Источники и цена финансирования (инвестирования) российских компаний в условиях финансового кризиса // Финансовый менеджмент. 2011. № 1. С. 54–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Луценко С.И. 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