БРИКС и борьба за нулевые выбросы к 2050 году: COVID-19 – препятствие или возможность?

Развивающиеся экономики Бразилии, России, Индии, Китая и Южной Африки (БРИКС) оказывают значительное влияние на глобальные экономические и экологические траектории. У них есть углеродоемкие экономические системы, которые вносят значительный вклад в общие глобальные выбросы парниковых газов (ПГ), что приводит к изменению климата. Однако страны БРИКС присоединились к гонке за нулевые выбросы к 2050 г. в поисках климатически нейтральной и устойчивой глобальной экономики. Это путешествие, однако, не лишено проблем и возможностей. Распространение коронавирусной инфекции 2019 г. (COVID-19) вызвало неоднозначную реакцию ученых в отношении ее последствий для нулевых траекторий. Хотя статистические данные показывают корреляцию между COVID-19 и снижением общего объема выбросов, предполагается, что COVID-19 поставил под угрозу усилия по развитию углеродно-нейтральной экономики. Следовательно, по-прежнему существует необходимость в более подробном научном изучении влияния COVID-19 на амбиции по достижению нулевого уровня выбросов, особенно в странах с развивающейся экономикой. Это исследование сосредоточено на траекториях Индии и Южной Африки. Статистический анализ вторичных данных из аутентичных интерактивных веб-панелей для хранилищ данных о COVID-19, а именно «Наш мир в данных» и «Отслеживание климатических действий», был выполнен в сочетании с подходом к анализу документов в соответствии с методикой предпочтительных элементов отчетности для систематических обзоров и мета-анализов (PRISMA). Некоторые из проблем COVID-19, как показывают результаты исследования, включают сокращение лестницы передачи технологий в энергетическом секторе, ответные выбросы для восстановления и отвлечение ресурсов. Возможности, предоставляемые COVID-19 в стремлении к углеродной нейтральности, включают поведенческие изменения в моделях инвестиций, производства и потребления с упором на низкоуглеродные варианты.

Правительства и заинтересованные стороны должны сосредоточиться на устранении барьеров, используя возможности, предоставленные пандемией, для достижения нулевого уровня выбросов к 2050 г.

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