Решение проблем управления: власть и политика в спорах об управлении генеративным ИИ

Запуск ChatGPT в конце 2022 г. привел к серьезным спорам об управлении генеративным искусственным интеллектом (ИИ). В этой статье рассматриваются первые международные инициативы в области управления и политики, специально посвященные генеративному ИИ: Хиросимский процесс «Большой семерки» (G7), отчеты Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития и саммит по безопасности ИИ в Великобритании. Этот анализ основан на литературе по разработке политики в области управления, в частности на работах по управлению технологиями и ответственным инновациям. Формирующееся управление генеративным ИИ демонстрирует полицентрические характеристики, где множественные и пересекающиеся центры принятия решений находятся в отношениях сотрудничества. Однако в нем доминирует ограниченное число развитых стран. Управление генеративным ИИ в основном сформулировано с точки зрения управления рисками, во многом игнорируя вопросы цели и направления инноваций и отводя довольно ограниченные роли общественности. Мы можем наблюдать возникновение «парадокса управления генеративным ИИ», а именно, как несмотря на то, что эта технология широко используется общественностью, ее управление довольно ограниченное. В этой статье вводится термин «управленческое решения», чтобы отразить этот довольно узкий и технократический подход к управлению генеративным ИИ. В качестве альтернативы предлагается принять политику полицентричного управления и ответственных инноваций, которые подчеркивают демократическое и совместное формирование технологий для общественного блага. В контексте крайне неравномерного распределения влияния в генеративном ИИ, характеризующегося высокой концентрацией власти в руках небольшого числа крупных технологических компаний, правительство играет особую роль в изменении дисбаланса сил путем обеспечения широкого участия общественности в управлении генеративным ИИ.

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