The article presents the results of research on the latest stage of world economic thought. The views of Nobel laureates in economics are analyzed: R. Mandell, a specialist in world economic relations, B. Holmstrom, a representative of the third generation of neo-institutionalism, P. Romer, a developer of endogenous growth models, E. Duflo, a prominent representative of the modern theory of development, as well as mathematical economists. E. Maskin, R. Myerson, E. Roth, R. Wilson. The views of the influential Japanese economist H. Yoshikawa are interpreted separately.

The article presents an overview of the plenary session hold on December 8–10, 2021 in an online format at Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, of the international scientific conference «Russia Under the Onslaught of New Realities: Civilization, Society, Economy», dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Faculty. The conference was organized by the laboratory of philosophy of economy together with the scientific council Center for Social Sciences of Moscow State University. At the plenary session reports were presented that consider from various positions the state and prospects of the Russian society, economy, the Russian civilization as a whole.