The article presents material on the history of monetary business and monetary systems of Russia in the 9th-17th centuries, focused on the teachers of economic history (history of the economy), as well as students studying this discipline. The work summarizes and systematizes the results of a study by Russian historians and economists of the history of money and money circulation in the pre-Petrine period; the discussion problems related to this topic are highlighted, and the main approaches to their solution that are available in the domestic literature are characterized; the modern interpretation of the concepts and practices of realizing the monetary reforms of Elena Glinskaya and Alexei Mikhailovich has been revealed.

This research examines nuclear power in the context of sustainable development and assesses the relationship between the structure of energy production in the country and its environmental status. In the article the authors consider the technological and organizational aspects of the nuclear industry, which justify the prospects of this direction. Nuclear power has a low share of fuel costs in the structure of production cost in comparison to other energy sources, as well as a high capacity factor. Investment programs of developing countries include the construction of new nuclear power plants, and investment programs of developed countries include the construction of new ones or modernization of existing ones. According to the created model, the increase in the share of nuclear power in the structure of electricity production has a significant impact on reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

The article discusses sustainable development goals, SDG. adopted by the UN for all countries for the period up to 2030. In framework of the adaptation of the SDGs in the national context the necessity and feasibility to incorporate the innovation component in the existing and newly created long-term documents for the development of Russia are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the important mechanism for implementing the SDGs is monitoring indicators of sustainable development. The author's assessments of the state statistics confirm that statistical support for the SDGs remains insufficient. This allowed the author to identify ways to form a monitoring mechanism for achieving sustainable development goals in Russia and innovative shifts of the Russian economy.

Nowadays renewable energy has become one of the key trends in the energy markets development strategy. The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of economic and financial development on the consumption of renewable electricity. We find that there is a certain set of economic and financial indicators that affects the amount of renewable electricity consumption, but final results depend on the surveyed group of countries. While estimating BRICS we find that there is a positive correlation between economic and financial development and the consumption of renewable electricity. The financial indicator of the share of liquid liabilities in GDP has the greatest impact on the renewable energy consumed.

Different approaches to the definition of I and II type errors, the diagnostics of their emergence and the evaluation of their emergence consequences are considered in this article. An overview of the probability evaluation methods for I and II type error commitment in the law enforcement is provided. A comparative analysis of the judiciary functioning quality based on the survey about respondents’ confidence in the judiciary functioning quality in Russian Federation and several OECD countries was performed. Judicial statistics of the 160 articles of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation was analyzed for the presence of possible I and II type errors commitment. Basing on the legal proceedings of the article, the authors show an example of the analysis of the trial journals and denote some judicial errors. Some measures of the law enforcement quality increase are proposed. The authors come to the conclusion that some potential for judiciary functioning quality improvement exists in Russian Federation.