Ricardo's theory of comparative advantages is considered to be the only classical theory of foreign trade. In terms of Marx's six books, "Foreign Trade" was supposed to be the fifth book. But the logic of the model – from the abstract to the concrete – allows us to detect elements of the theory of foreign trade in the published volumes of Capital. In volume I, a provision is put forward according to which countries exporting high-tech goods increase national value wealth.

Volume III examines at the national level the law of the average rate of profit, which is carried out by redistributing the value created in labor-intensive industries in favor of capital–intensive industries through prices: prices for labor–intensive goods decrease, and prices for capital–intensive ones increase.

The law of the average rate of profit operates at the international level. The wealth of nonindustrial countries is redistributed in favor of industrial ones. The reconstructed theory of Marx explains «How rich countries got rich... and why poor countries stay poor» (E. Reinert).

The COVID-19 pandemic, as the main, but not the only factor, led to a rapid increase in consumer demand for grocery delivery services ordered via the Internet (e-grocery), as well as in the revenue of Russian companies on the e-grocery market during the period from 2019 to 2021. This article examines in detail main factors of the external and internal environment that influenced the change in the shares of companies on the Russian e-grocery market and provided strategic competitive advantages to leaders in the long-term period. As the result of studying the market situation during the period from 2019 to 2021, it was revealed that over the three years of the development of the e-grocery market in Russia, in each of the period different players were in the lead. Utkonos, X5 Retail Group and Sbermarket occupied from 13% to 19.5% of the total market. Based on data obtained during the market analysis using SV Matrix, the Russian e-grocery has moved from the stage of formation, competition between small players to the stage of maturity and struggle between consolidated alpha-companies. High entry barriers to a mature market require new companies to have sufficient capacity already at the start to secure their positions.

Until March 2020, one of the developing sectors of the national economy of Russia was the tourism industry. The covid-19 pandemic, measures to protect the population from this virus, and Western sanctions have led Russia's tourism to a deep crisis. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the unfavorable conditions for the functioning of the tourism industry in Russia due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Western sanctions. The task of the work is to consider and show ways out of the difficult conditions created by Russian tourism, paying attention to the development of domestic tourism, support for outbound and inbound tourism. The prevailing unfavorable conditions gave a strong impetus to the development of domestic tourism. To do this, the Russian Government is taking certain measures to develop domestic tourism, such as cashback, the law on zeroing the VAT rate for hotels, which makes tourists' accommodation in them more affordable. The Government of the Russian Federation adopts the State Program "Tourism Development" and the National Project "Tourism and the Hospitality Industry.

As modern economy develops, the subjects of market competition are shifting from competition among individual enterprises to production and sales chains of enterprises and other forms of sustainable network interaction. Currently, more significant competition is manifested at the level of industrial clusters. The aim of this article is to study the model of the life cycle of textile industry clusters. The author examines the main schools of the theory of the life cycle of industrial clusters and chooses the theory of five stages of the life cycle of industrial clusters proposed by T. Andersson as the theoretical basis for this article. The textile industry cluster in the Chinese province of Zhejiang, where the largest number of textile enterprises in China is concentrated, was chosen as the object of research. Using the method of identifying the location coefficient based on the public databases of the Chinese Bureau of Statistics and the Bureau of Statistics of Zhejiang Province from 2002 to 2022 to determine the textile industry clusters in Zhejiang Province, the author found that the results calculated by the method of identifying the location coefficient correspond exactly to the five-stage development model of the Andersson cluster. From 2017 to 2020, the development of industrial clusters entered the stage of transformation, and the pace of development slowed down. Facing the risk of recession, with the help of external forces such as government support for industrial policy and internal forces such as technological and market innovations, the textile industry cluster in Zhejiang Province successfully transformed and entered a new life cycle.

The purpose of this article is to, by using the example of the Leaders of Russia competition, identify the strengths of open mass personnel competitions (OMPC) in terms of their impact on the career prospects of their participants, improving the effectiveness of personnel policy, and also spreading the notion about the importance of meritocratic principles in the selection of personnel for leadership positions in society. To do this, the article discusses the main problems that exist in Russia in the field of attracting managers at the current moment. The article highlights the advantages of OMPC: the effectiveness of the selection of candidates and competitive procedures. However, the most common criticism of the methodology and mechanisms of the "Leaders of Russia" competition is also considered: some of the problems have an accessible solution, others can only be corrected to a small extent without deviating from the declared goals and principles of the competition - the thesis is substantiated that a departure from the fundamental principles of OMPC is impractical. It is concluded that the introduction of a system for assessing the competencies of candidates, in which the qualities of applicants for leadership positions will be identified through a competitive selection system, will improve the quality of public administration as a whole.

The article presents an overview of the panel discussion held on December 9, 2022 in a mixed format at the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University on the international scientific conference «Sovereign Russia in Revolting Reality: Economics, Technologics, Culture». The conference was organized by the research laboratory of philosophy of economy together with the scientific council «Center of Social Sciences of Moscow State University». The author presents the participants reports considering from various positions the state and prospects of the Russian society, economy, the Russian civilization as a whole, in the emergency.

The review of the results of educational and scientific work of the Department of Philosophy and Methodology of Economics of the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University for the period from 2013 to 2023 is presented. The development strategy, mission, purpose and main tasks of the department are defined. The main achievements of the department are shown and prospects for its further development are outlined.