The standard version of the Taylor rule includes the inflation gap and the GDP gap in the right-hand side. I describe a modified version of it, where the exchange rate growth also determines the interest rate change. I estimate this version for a number of IT and non-IT countries in the periods before and after the financial crisis of 2008. First, countries of both groups are leading the similar politics post 2008. Second, if a central bank pays more attention to the inflation gap and GDP growth, it has a higher probability of an inflation target achievement.

In the paper a utility function which describes a behaviour of a buyer on a financial market is derived. The obtained result is a first step towards an application of the game theory to description of processes taking place on a financial.

Oil spills are harmful to both the environment and people. To avoid accidents companies must follow the safety regulations established by the state. Companies tend to avoid compliance with the regulations or fail to comply with them. Inspections of oil companies are carried out by the state in order to ensure an acceptable level of safety at the enterprises. Inspections can be both planned and unscheduled. In this paper we model a competitive market with two oil companies deciding whether to comply with the safety regulations or not. The results of the research show that in the competitive environment companies choose behavioral strategies depending on the expected probability of the inspection. Thus, the higher the probability of the audit, the sooner the company will comply with the safety rules.

This work focuses on the study of factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions in 118 countries in 1996–2014. We use the generalized moment method and the panel model with fixed effects to study the influence of GDP, financial development, the quality of institutions, the openness of trade and energy consumption on CO₂ emissions. Increased energy consumption and increased exports are driving up CO₂ emissions. This suggests that countries with a higher level of production need to switch to more environmentally friendly types of production and to renewable energy. The quality of institutions increases emissions. The reason for this is that institutions with high quality increase GDP. The growth of GDP and the development of the economy in the early stages increase carbon dioxide emissions, but after a certain threshold, emissions begin to decline. A high level of economic development leads to a reduction in emissions. This is also confirmed by the fact that the improvement of the financial sector leads to a reduction in emissions.

The most important target indicators of food security in Russia are rational norms of food consumption and norms of physiological demand for energy and nutrients on average per person. An analysis of actual consumption shows that the diet of Russians is unbalanced and there is a deterioration in the quality of the diet in a number of positions, especially noticeable negative changes occurred after 2014 as a result of the introduction of the food embargo, the devaluation of the ruble and the subsequent decline in household incomes and effective demand for food. Unbalanced diet is one of the main reasons for the increasing prevalence in Russia of overweight and obesity, anemia, iodine and other micronutrients deficiency, diabetes, high prevalence of high blood pressure. In this regard, it is necessary to take policy measures in the area of nutrition, in particular, improving the system of assessing the quality of nutrition of population, to implement mandatory salt iodization, and fortification of bread with vitamins and minerals, implement a program of domestic food aid, including in the area of school meals and, in particular, the implementation the "school milk" programs, aimed at ensuring all children of preschool and school age free milk in accordance with the recommendations for healthy nutrition in educational institutions, as well as measures to inform the population and promote education in the field of healthy nutrition. In modern conditions of the pandemic and overcoming its consequences, the relevance and importance of food aid, which should mitigate the deterioration of the economic situation and the decrease in incomes, are increasing. In addition, recent events show that healthy nutrition is a significant factor in the resistance of the COVID-19 pandemic, from which humanity does not yet have vaccines and specific medicines.

The work is devoted to a review of the results of the 144rd meeting of the Dispute Club “Economic Policy Knots” of the Association of Russian Economic Think Tanks (hereinafter referred to as ARETT) on the topic “Do agricultural holdings contribute to the achievement of the national development goals of Russia”. The purpose of the event was to discuss he development of agricultural holdings and their impact on the development of agriculture in Russia. Disputants were Vasiliy Yakimovich Uzun, Senior Researcher at the Center for Agri-Food Policy of IPEI RANEPA, and Elena Viktorovna Serova, HSE Director for Agrarian Policy. The review presents the key ideas of the disputants, and also summarizes the main results of their answers to questions.